mmc: core: limit probe clock frequency to configured f_max

Currently MMC core disregards host->f_max during card initialization
phase. Obey upper boundary for the clock frequency and skip faster
speeds when they are above the limit.

Signed-off-by: Michał Mirosław <mirq-linux@rere.qmqm.pl>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/f471bceaf237d582d746bd289c4c4f3639cb7b45.1577962382.git.mirq-linux@rere.qmqm.pl
Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>