i2c: core: fix lockdep warning for sparsely nested adapter chain

When adapters are chained in a sparse manner (with intermediate MFD devices,
for instance) the code currently fails to use the correct subclass for
the adapter's bus_lock which leads to false-positive lockdep warnings.

Fix this by walking the entire pedigree of the device and count all
adapters along the way instead of just checking the immediate parent.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@zonque.org>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@kernel.org>