i2c: core: add api to provide frequency mode strings

Some I2C drivers like Designware and HiSilicon will print the
bus frequency mode information, so add a public one that everyone
can make use of.

Tested-by: Jarkko Nikula <jarkko.nikula@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jarkko Nikula <jarkko.nikula@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@kernel.org>