spi: atmel: Fix scheduling while atomic

A call to clk_get_rate appears to be called in the context of an interrupt,
cache the bus clock for the frequency calculations in transmission.

This fixes a 'BUG: scheduling while atomic' and
'WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 777 at kernel/sched/core.c:2960 atmel_spi_unlock'

Signed-off-by: Ben Whitten <ben.whitten@lairdtech.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve deRosier <steve.derosier@lairdtech.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Ferre <nicolas.ferre@atmel.com>
Acked-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>