vfs: make O_PATH file descriptors usable for 'fchdir()'

We already use them for openat() and friends, but fchdir() also wants to
be able to use O_PATH file descriptors.  This should make it comparable
to the O_SEARCH of Solaris.  In particular, O_PATH allows you to access
(not-quite-open) a directory you don't have read persmission to, only
execute permission.

Noticed during development of multithread support for ksh93.

Reported-by: ольга крыжановская <olga.kryzhanovska@gmail.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: stable@kernel.org    # O_PATH introduced in 3.0+
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>