KVM: selftests: Add vcpu_arch_put_guest() to do writes from guest code

Introduce a macro, vcpu_arch_put_guest(), for "putting" values to memory
from guest code in "interesting" situations, e.g. when writing memory that
is being dirty logged.  Structure the macro so that arch code can provide
a custom implementation, e.g. x86 will use the macro to force emulation of
the access.

Use the helper in dirty_log_test, which is of particular interest (see
above), and in xen_shinfo_test, which isn't all that interesting, but
provides a second usage of the macro with a different size operand
(uint8_t versus uint64_t), i.e. to help verify that the macro works for
more than just 64-bit values.

Use "put" as the verb to align with the kernel's {get,put}_user()
terminology.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240314185459.2439072-5-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>