cifs: Use data structures to compute NTLMv2 response offsets

A bit of cleanup plus some gratuitous variable renaming. I think using
structures instead of numeric offsets makes this code much more
understandable.

Also added a comment about current time range expected by
the server.

Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <spargaonkar@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Gardner <tim.gardner@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>