rbd: allow null image name

We will know the image id for format 2 parent images, but won't
initially know its image name.  Avoid making the query for an image
id in rbd_dev_image_id() if it's already known.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>