Compiler Attributes: Add __diagnose_as for Clang

Clang will perform various compile-time diagnostics on uses of various
functions (e.g. simple bounds-checking on strcpy(), etc). These
diagnostics can be assigned to other functions (for example, new
implementations of the string functions under CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE)
using the "diagnose_as_builtin" attribute. This allows those functions
to retain their compile-time diagnostic warnings.

Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220208225350.1331628-5-keescook@chromium.org