ahci: Convert timers to use timer_setup()

In preparation for unconditionally passing the struct timer_list pointer to
all timer callbacks, switch to using the new timer_setup() and from_timer()
to pass the timer pointer explicitly. Adds a pointer back to link
structure.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171016215658.GA101965@beast