bpf: Add missing BPF_LINK_TYPE invocations

Pengfei Xu reported [1] Syzkaller/KASAN issue found in bpf_link_show_fdinfo.

The reason is missing BPF_LINK_TYPE invocation for uprobe multi
link and for several other links, adding that.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/ZXptoKRSLspnk2ie@xpf.sh.intel.com/



Fixes: 89ae89f5 ("bpf: Add multi uprobe link")
Fixes: e420bed0 ("bpf: Add fd-based tcx multi-prog infra with link support")
Fixes: 84601d6e ("bpf: add bpf_link support for BPF_NETFILTER programs")
Fixes: 35dfaad7 ("netkit, bpf: Add bpf programmable net device")
Reported-by: Pengfei Xu <pengfei.xu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Pengfei Xu <pengfei.xu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20231215230502.2769743-1-jolsa@kernel.org