i2c: i2c-stm32f7: improve loopback in timing algorithm

This avoids useless loops inside the I2C timing algorithm.
Actually, we support only one possible solution per prescaler value.
So after finding a solution with a prescaler, the algorithm can
switch directly to the next prescaler value.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Le Bayon <nicolas.le.bayon@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Bich Hemon <bich.hemon@st.com>
Reviewed-by: Pierre-Yves MORDRET <pierre-yves.mordret@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>