tools/nolibc: implement strtol() and friends

The implementation always works on uintmax_t values.

This is inefficient when only 32bit are needed.
However for all functions this only happens for strtol() on 32bit
platforms.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Acked-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240425-nolibc-strtol-v1-2-bfeef7846902@weissschuh.net