bpf: factor out fetching basic kfunc metadata

Factor out logic to fetch basic kfunc metadata based on struct bpf_insn.
This is not exactly short or trivial code to just copy/paste and this
information is sometimes necessary in other parts of the verifier logic.
Subsequent patches will rely on this to determine if an instruction is
a kfunc call to iterator next method.

No functional changes intended, including that verbose() warning
behavior when kfunc is not allowed for a particular program type.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230308184121.1165081-2-andrii@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>