tmpfs: verify {g,u}id mount options correctly

A while ago we received the following report:

"The other outstanding issue I noticed comes from the fact that
fsconfig syscalls may occur in a different userns than that which
called fsopen. That means that resolving the uid/gid via
current_user_ns() can save a kuid that isn't mapped in the associated
namespace when the filesystem is finally mounted. This means that it
is possible for an unprivileged user to create files owned by any
group in a tmpfs mount (since we can set the SUID bit on the tmpfs
directory), or a tmpfs that is owned by any user, including the root
group/user."

The contract for {g,u}id mount options and {g,u}id values in general set
from userspace has always been that they are translated according to the
caller's idmapping. In so far, tmpfs has been doing the correct thing.
But since tmpfs is mountable in unprivileged contexts it is also
necessary to verify that the resulting {k,g}uid is representable in the
namespace of the superblock to avoid such bugs as above.

The new mount api's cross-namespace delegation abilities are already
widely used. After having talked to a bunch of userspace this is the
most faithful solution with minimal regression risks. I know of one
users - systemd - that makes use of the new mount api in this way and
they don't set unresolable {g,u}ids. So the regression risk is minimal.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CALxfFW4BXhEwxR0Q5LSkg-8Vb4r2MONKCcUCVioehXQKr35eHg@mail.gmail.com


Fixes: f3235626 ("vfs: Convert ramfs, shmem, tmpfs, devtmpfs, rootfs to use the new mount API")
Reviewed-by: "Seth Forshee (DigitalOcean)" <sforshee@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Seth Jenkins <sethjenkins@google.com>
Message-Id: <20230801-vfs-fs_context-uidgid-v1-1-daf46a050bbf@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>