e2fsprogs: Add a patch to speedup mkfs

See the patch description, this adds a tweak to an algorithm to improve
core-image-sato-sdk mkfs time from over 8 minutes to about 35s.

Needs discussion upstream but seems reasonable for our uses of it.

(From OE-Core rev: 468fa9a7)

Signed-off-by: Richard Purdie <richard.purdie@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Armin Kuster <akuster808@gmail.com>