[OpenMP] Avoid costly shadow map traversals whenever possible

In the OpenMC app we saw `omp target update` spending an awful lot of
time in the shadow map traversal without ever doing any update there.
There are two cases that allow us to avoid the traversal completely.
The simplest thing is that small updates cannot (reasonably) contain
an attached pointer part. The other case requires to track in the
mapping table if an entry might contain an attached pointer as part.
Given that we have a single location shadow map entries are created,
the latter is actually fairly easy as well.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D113124