[SCCP] Avoid modifying AdditionalUsers while iterating over it

When run under valgrind, or with a malloc that poisons freed memory,
this can lead to segfaults or other problems.

To avoid modifying the AdditionalUsers DenseMap while still iterating,
save the instructions to be notified in a separate SmallPtrSet, and use
this to later call OperandChangedState on each instruction.

Fixes PR49582.

Reviewed By: fhahn

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98602

(cherry picked from commit 6abb92f2)