[AMDGPU] Avoid splitting FLAT offsets in unsafe ways

As explained in the comment:

// For a FLAT instruction the hardware decides whether to access
// global/scratch/shared memory based on the high bits of vaddr,
// ignoring the offset field, so we have to ensure that when we add
// remainder to vaddr it still points into the same underlying object.
// The easiest way to do that is to make sure that we split the offset
// into two pieces that are both >= 0 or both <= 0.

In particular FLAT (as opposed to SCRATCH and GLOBAL) instructions have
an unsigned immediate offset field, so we can't use it to help split a
negative offset.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D83394