[libc++] Improve LIBCXX_ENABLE_INCOMPLETE_FEATURES.

@tcanens pointed out the current behavior of the macro breaks the usage
pattern described in http://wg21.link/SD6
```
```

To support this usage pattern the hard errror is removed. Instead the
header includes nothing but the `<version>` header.

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D107134

(cherry picked from commit d618a1cc)