[DebugInfo] Report errors for truncated debug line standard opcode

Standard opcodes usually have ULEB128 arguments, so it is generally not
possible to recover from such errors. This patch causes the parser to
stop parsing the table in such situations.

Also don't emit the operands or add data to the table if there is an
error reading these opcodes.

Reviewed by: JDevlieghere

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81470