Add AuthAttemptConsumer and AuthFactorStatusConsumer interfaces

This CL adds AuthAttemptConsumer and AuthFactorStatusConsumer interfaces
that are used to interact with authentication surface (e.g. login screen
or in-session dialog) and authentication panel (UI element embedded into
authentication surface).

Design doc: go/cros-lurs-authhub-design

Bug: b:271248265
Change-Id: I2e959db3adab1774682b4c0bf0b5e8c5fe87d314
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/4373997


Reviewed-by: Martin Bidlingmaier <mbid@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Maksim Ivanov <emaxx@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Elie Maamari <emaamari@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Denis Kuznetsov <antrim@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1129260}