i2c: Convert drivers to new .probe() callback

Now that .probe() was changed not to get the id parameter, drivers can
be converted back to that with the eventual goal to drop .probe_new().

Implement that for the i2c drivers that are part of the i2c core.

Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@kernel.org>