btrfs: reduce pointer intdirections in btree_readpage_end_io_hook

All we need to read is checksum size from fs_info superblock, and
fs_info is provided by extent buffer so we can get rid of the wild
pointer indirections from page/inode/root.

Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>