clk: rework calls to round and determine rate callbacks

Rework the way the callbacks round_rate() and determine_rate() are called.
The goal is to do this at a single point and make it easier to add
conditions before calling them.

Because of this factorization, rate returned by determine_rate() is also
checked against the min and max rate values

This rework is done to ease the integration of "protected" clock
functionality.

Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Quentin Schulz <quentin.schulz@free-electrons.com>
Tested-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime.ripard@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: Michael Turquette <mturquette@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Jerome Brunet <jbrunet@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Turquette <mturquette@baylibre.com>
Link: lkml.kernel.org/r/20171201215200.23523-5-jbrunet@baylibre.com