printk: nbcon: Add emit function and callback function for atomic printing

Implement an emit function for nbcon consoles to output printk
messages. It utilizes the lockless printk_get_next_message() and
console_prepend_dropped() functions to retrieve/build the output
message. The emit function includes the required safety points to
check for handover/takeover and calls a new write_atomic callback
of the console driver to output the message. It also includes
proper handling for updating the nbcon console sequence number.

A new nbcon_write_context struct is introduced. This is provided
to the write_atomic callback and includes only the information
necessary for performing atomic writes.

Co-developed-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner (Intel) <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230916192007.608398-8-john.ogness@linutronix.de