string.h: add memcpy_and_pad()

This helper function is useful for the nvme subsystem, and maybe
others.

Note: the warnings reported by the kbuild test robot for this patch
are actually generated by the use of CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES
together with __FORTIFY_INLINE.

Signed-off-by: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimbeg.me>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>