Pull pstore updates from Kees Cook:
 "This cycle was almost entirely improvements to the pstore compression
  options, noted below:

   - Add lz4hc and 842 to pstore compression options (Geliang Tang)

   - Refactor to use crypto compression API (Geliang Tang)

   - Fix up Kconfig dependencies for compression (Arnd Bergmann)

   - Allow for run-time compression selection

   - Remove stack VLA usage"

* tag 'pstore-v4.17-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
  pstore: fix crypto dependencies
  pstore: Use crypto compress API
  pstore/ram: Do not use stack VLA for parity workspace
  pstore: Select compression at runtime
  pstore: Avoid size casts for 842 compression
  pstore: Add lz4hc and 842 compression support

Merge updates from Andrew Morton:

 - a few misc things

 - ocfs2 updates

 - the v9fs maintainers have been missing for a long time. I've taken
   over v9fs patch slinging.

 - most of MM

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (116 commits)
  mm,oom_reaper: check for MMF_OOM_SKIP before complaining
  mm/ksm: fix interaction with THP
  mm/memblock.c: cast constant ULLONG_MAX to phys_addr_t
  headers: untangle kmemleak.h from mm.h
  include/linux/mmdebug.h: make VM_WARN* non-rvals
  mm/page_isolation.c: make start_isolate_page_range() fail if already isolated
  mm: change return type to vm_fault_t
  mm, oom: remove 3% bonus for CAP_SYS_ADMIN processes
  mm, page_alloc: wakeup kcompactd even if kswapd cannot free more memory
  kernel/fork.c: detect early free of a live mm
  mm: make counting of list_lru_one::nr_items lockless
  mm/swap_state.c: make bool enable_vma_readahead and swap_vma_readahead() static
  block_invalidatepage(): only release page if the full page was invalidated
  mm: kernel-doc: add missing parameter descriptions
  mm/swap.c: remove @cold parameter description for release_pages()
  mm/nommu: remove description of alloc_vm_area
  zram: drop max_zpage_size and use zs_huge_class_size()
  zsmalloc: introduce zs_huge_class_size()
  mm: fix races between swapoff and flush dcache
  fs/direct-io.c: minor cleanups in do_blockdev_direct_IO
  ...

Pull MTD updates from Boris Brezillon:
 "MTD Core:
   - Remove support for asynchronous erase (not implemented by any of
     the existing drivers anyway)
   - Remove Cyrille from the list of SPI NOR and MTD maintainers
   - Fix kernel doc headers
   - Allow users to define the partitions parsers they want to test
     through a DT property (compatible of the partitions subnode)
   - Remove the bfin-async-flash driver (the only architecture using it
     has been removed)
   - Fix pagetest test
   - Add extra checks in mtd_erase()
   - Simplify the MTD partition creation logic and get rid of
     mtd_add_device_partitions()

  MTD Drivers:
   - Add endianness information to the physmap DT binding
   - Add Eon EN29LV400A IDs to JEDEC probe logic
   - Use %*ph where appropriate

  SPI NOR Drivers:
   - Make fsl-quaspi assign different names to MTD devices connected to
     the same QSPI controller
   - Remove an unneeded driver.bus assigned in the fsl-qspi driver

  NAND Core:
   - Prepare arrival of the SPI NAND subsystem by implementing a generic
     (interface-agnostic) layer to ease manipulation of NAND devices
   - Move onenand code base to the drivers/mtd/nand/ dir
   - Rework timing mode selection
   - Provide a generic way for NAND chip drivers to flag a specific
     GET/SET FEATURE operation as supported/unsupported
   - Stop embedding ONFI/JEDEC param page in nand_chip

  NAND Drivers:
   - Rework/cleanup of the mxc driver
   - Various cleanups in the vf610 driver
   - Migrate the fsmc and vf610 to ->exec_op()
   - Get rid of the pxa driver (replaced by marvell_nand)
   - Support ->setup_data_interface() in the GPMI driver
   - Fix probe error path in several drivers
   - Remove support for unused hw_syndrome mode in sunxi_nand
   - Various minor improvements"

* tag 'mtd/for-4.17' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mtd: (89 commits)
  dt-bindings: fsl-quadspi: Add the example of two SPI NOR
  mtd: fsl-quadspi: Distinguish the mtd device names
  mtd: nand: Fix some function description mismatches in core.c
  mtd: fsl-quadspi: Remove unneeded driver.bus assignment
  mtd: rawnand: marvell: Rename ->ecc_clk into ->core_clk
  mtd: rawnand: s3c2410: enhance the probe function error path
  mtd: rawnand: tango: fix probe function error path
  mtd: rawnand: sh_flctl: fix the probe function error path
  mtd: rawnand: omap2: fix the probe function error path
  mtd: rawnand: mxc: fix probe function error path
  mtd: rawnand: denali: fix probe function error path
  mtd: rawnand: davinci: fix probe function error path
  mtd: rawnand: cafe: fix probe function error path
  mtd: rawnand: brcmnand: fix probe function error path
  mtd: rawnand: sunxi: Stop supporting ECC_HW_SYNDROME mode
  mtd: rawnand: marvell: Fix clock resource by adding a register clock
  mtd: ftl: Use DIV_ROUND_UP()
  mtd: Fix some function description mismatches in mtdcore.c
  mtd: physmap_of: update struct map_info's swap as per map requirement
  dt-bindings: mtd-physmap: Add endianness supports
  ...

Merge tag 'for-4.17/dm-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm

Pull device mapper updates from Mike Snitzer:

 - DM core passthrough ioctl fix to retain reference to DM table, and
   that table's block devices, while issuing the ioctl to one of those
   block devices.

 - DM core passthrough ioctl fix to _not_ override the fmode_t used to
   issue the ioctl. Overriding by using the fmode_t that the block
   device was originally open with during DM table load is a liability.

 - Add DM core support for secure erase forwarding and update the DM
   linear and DM striped targets to support them.

 - A DM core 4.16 stable fix to allow abnormal IO (e.g. discard, write
   same, write zeroes) for targets that make use of the non-splitting IO
   variant (as is done for multipath or thinp when layered directly on
   NVMe).

 - Allow DM targets to return a payload in response to a DM message that
   they are sent. This is useful for DM targets that would like to
   provide statistics data in response to DM messages.

 - Update DM bufio to support non-power-of-2 block sizes. Numerous other
   related changes prepare the DM bufio code for this support.

 - Fix DM crypt to use a bounded amount of memory across the entire
   system. This is to avoid OOM that can otherwise occur in response to
   certain pathological IO workloads (e.g. discarding a large DM crypt
   device).

 - Add a 'check_at_most_once' feature to the DM verity target to allow
   verity to be used on mobile devices that have very limited resources.

 - Fix the DM integrity target to fail early if a keyed algorithm (e.g.
   HMAC) is to be used but the key isn't set.

 - Add non-power-of-2 support to the DM unstripe target.

 - Eliminate the use of a Variable Length Array in the DM stripe target.

 - Update the DM log-writes target to record metadata (REQ_META flag).

 - DM raid fixes for its nosync status and some variable range issues.

* tag 'for-4.17/dm-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm: (28 commits)
  dm: remove fmode_t argument from .prepare_ioctl hook
  dm: hold DM table for duration of ioctl rather than use blkdev_get
  dm raid: fix parse_raid_params() variable range issue
  dm verity: make verity_for_io_block static
  dm verity: add 'check_at_most_once' option to only validate hashes once
  dm bufio: don't embed a bio in the dm_buffer structure
  dm bufio: support non-power-of-two block sizes
  dm bufio: use slab cache for dm_buffer structure allocations
  dm bufio: reorder fields in dm_buffer structure
  dm bufio: relax alignment constraint on slab cache
  dm bufio: remove code that merges slab caches
  dm bufio: get rid of slab cache name allocations
  dm bufio: move dm-bufio.h to include/linux/
  dm bufio: delete outdated comment
  dm: add support for secure erase forwarding
  dm: backfill abnormal IO support to non-splitting IO submission
  dm raid: fix nosync status
  dm mpath: use DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED instead of magic number 0 in process_queued_bios()
  dm stripe: get rid of a Variable Length Array (VLA)
  dm log writes: record metadata flag for better flags record
  ...

Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro:
 "Assorted stuff, including Christoph's I_DIRTY patches"

* 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  fs: move I_DIRTY_INODE to fs.h
  ubifs: fix bogus __mark_inode_dirty(I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC) call
  ntfs: fix bogus __mark_inode_dirty(I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC) call
  gfs2: fix bogus __mark_inode_dirty(I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC) calls
  fs: fold open_check_o_direct into do_dentry_open
  vfs: Replace stray non-ASCII homoglyph characters with their ASCII equivalents
  vfs: make sure struct filename->iname is word-aligned
  get rid of pointless includes of fs_struct.h
  [poll] annotate SAA6588_CMD_POLL users

I got "oom_reaper: unable to reap pid:" messages when the victim thread
was blocked inside free_pgtables() (which occurred after returning from
unmap_vmas() and setting MMF_OOM_SKIP).  We don't need to complain when
exit_mmap() already set MMF_OOM_SKIP.

  Killed process 7558 (a.out) total-vm:4176kB, anon-rss:84kB, file-rss:0kB, shmem-rss:0kB
  oom_reaper: unable to reap pid:7558 (a.out)
  a.out           D13272  7558   6931 0x00100084
  Call Trace:
   schedule+0x2d/0x80
   rwsem_down_write_failed+0x2bb/0x440
   call_rwsem_down_write_failed+0x13/0x20
   down_write+0x49/0x60
   unlink_file_vma+0x28/0x50
   free_pgtables+0x36/0x100
   exit_mmap+0xbb/0x180
   mmput+0x50/0x110
   copy_process.part.41+0xb61/0x1fe0
   _do_fork+0xe6/0x560
   do_syscall_64+0x74/0x230
   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x42/0xb7

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201803221946.DHG65638.VFJHFtOSQLOMOF@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch fixes a corner case for KSM.  When two pages belong or
belonged to the same transparent hugepage, and they should be merged,
KSM fails to split the page, and therefore no merging happens.

This bug can be reproduced by:
* making sure ksm is running (in case disabling ksmtuned)
* enabling transparent hugepages
* allocating a THP-aligned 1-THP-sized buffer
  e.g. on amd64: posix_memalign(&p, 1<<21, 1<<21)
* filling it with the same values
  e.g. memset(p, 42, 1<<21)
* performing madvise to make it mergeable
  e.g. madvise(p, 1<<21, MADV_MERGEABLE)
* waiting for KSM to perform a few scans

The expected outcome is that the all the pages get merged (1 shared and
the rest sharing); the actual outcome is that no pages get merged (1
unshared and the rest volatile)

The reason of this behaviour is that we increase the reference count
once for both pages we want to merge, but if they belong to the same
hugepage (or compound page), the reference counter used in both cases is
the one of the head of the compound page.  This means that
split_huge_page will find a value of the reference counter too high and
will fail.

This patch solves this problem by testing if the two pages to merge
belong to the same hugepage when attempting to merge them.  If so, the
hugepage is split safely.  This means that the hugepage is not split if
not necessary.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1521548069-24758-1-git-send-email-imbrenda@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This fixes a warning shown when phys_addr_t is 32-bit int when compiling
with clang:

  mm/memblock.c:927:15: warning: implicit conversion from 'unsigned long long'
        to 'phys_addr_t' (aka 'unsigned int') changes value from
        18446744073709551615 to 4294967295 [-Wconstant-conversion]
                                  r->base : ULLONG_MAX;
                                            ^~~~~~~~~~
  ./include/linux/kernel.h:30:21: note: expanded from macro 'ULLONG_MAX'
  #define ULLONG_MAX      (~0ULL)
                           ^~~~~

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180319005645.29051-1-stefan@agner.ch
Signed-off-by: Stefan Agner <stefan@agner.ch>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently <linux/slab.h> #includes <linux/kmemleak.h> for no obvious
reason.  It looks like it's only a convenience, so remove kmemleak.h
from slab.h and add <linux/kmemleak.h> to any users of kmemleak_* that
don't already #include it.  Also remove <linux/kmemleak.h> from source
files that do not use it.

This is tested on i386 allmodconfig and x86_64 allmodconfig.  It would
be good to run it through the 0day bot for other $ARCHes.  I have
neither the horsepower nor the storage space for the other $ARCHes.

Update: This patch has been extensively build-tested by both the 0day
bot & kisskb/ozlabs build farms.  Both of them reported 2 build failures
for which patches are included here (in v2).

[ slab.h is the second most used header file after module.h; kernel.h is
  right there with slab.h. There could be some minor error in the
  counting due to some #includes having comments after them and I didn't
  combine all of those. ]

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: security/keys/big_key.c needs vmalloc.h, per sfr]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e4309f98-3749-93e1-4bb7-d9501a39d015@infradead.org
Link: http://kisskb.ellerman.id.au/kisskb/head/13396/
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>	[2 build failures]
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>	[2 build failures]
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com>
Cc: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

At present the construct

	if (VM_WARN(...))

will compile OK with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y and will fail with
CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=n.  The reason is that VM_{WARN,BUG}* have always been
special wrt.  {WARN/BUG}* and never generate any code when DEBUG_VM is
disabled.  So we cannot really use it in conditionals.

We considered changing things so that this construct works in both cases
but that might cause unwanted code generation with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=n.
It is safer and simpler to make the build fail in both cases.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: changelog]
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

start_isolate_page_range() is used to set the migrate type of a set of
pageblocks to MIGRATE_ISOLATE while attempting to start a migration
operation.  It assumes that only one thread is calling it for the
specified range.  This routine is used by CMA, memory hotplug and
gigantic huge pages.  Each of these users synchronize access to the
range within their subsystem.  However, two subsystems (CMA and gigantic
huge pages for example) could attempt operations on the same range.  If
this happens, one thread may 'undo' the work another thread is doing.
This can result in pageblocks being incorrectly left marked as
MIGRATE_ISOLATE and therefore not available for page allocation.

What is ideally needed is a way to synchronize access to a set of
pageblocks that are undergoing isolation and migration.  The only thing
we know about these pageblocks is that they are all in the same zone.  A
per-node mutex is too coarse as we want to allow multiple operations on
different ranges within the same zone concurrently.  Instead, we will
use the migration type of the pageblocks themselves as a form of
synchronization.

start_isolate_page_range sets the migration type on a set of page-
blocks going in order from the one associated with the smallest pfn to
the largest pfn.  The zone lock is acquired to check and set the
migration type.  When going through the list of pageblocks check if
MIGRATE_ISOLATE is already set.  If so, this indicates another thread is
working on this pageblock.  We know exactly which pageblocks we set, so
clean up by undo those and return -EBUSY.

This allows start_isolate_page_range to serve as a synchronization
mechanism and will allow for more general use of callers making use of
these interfaces.  Update comments in alloc_contig_range to reflect this
new functionality.

Each CPU holds the associated zone lock to modify or examine the
migration type of a pageblock.  And, it will only examine/update a
single pageblock per lock acquire/release cycle.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180309224731.16978-1-mike.kravetz@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The plan for these patches is to introduce the typedef, initially just
as documentation ("These functions should return a VM_FAULT_ status").
We'll trickle the patches to individual drivers/filesystems in through
the maintainers, as far as possible.  Then we'll change the typedef to
an unsigned int and break the compilation of any unconverted
drivers/filesystems.

vmf_insert_page(), vmf_insert_mixed() and vmf_insert_pfn() are three
newly added functions.  The various drivers/filesystems where return
value of fault(), huge_fault(), page_mkwrite() and pfn_mkwrite() get
converted, will need them.  These functions will return correct
VM_FAULT_ code based on err value.

We've had bugs before where drivers returned -EFOO.  And we have this
silly inefficiency where vm_insert_xxx() return an errno which (afaict)
every driver then converts into a VM_FAULT code.  In many cases drivers
failed to return correct VM_FAULT code value despite of vm_insert_xxx()
fails.  We have indentified and clean up all those existing bugs and
silly inefficiencies in driver/filesystems by adding these three new
inline wrappers.  As mentioned above, we will trickle those patches to
individual drivers/filesystems in through maintainers after these three
wrapper functions are merged.

Eventually we can convert vm_insert_xxx() into vmf_insert_xxx() and
remove these inline wrappers, but these are a good intermediate step.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180310162351.GA7422@jordon-HP-15-Notebook-PC
Signed-off-by: Souptick Joarder <jrdr.linux@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since the 2.6 kernel, the oom killer has slightly biased away from
CAP_SYS_ADMIN processes by discounting some of its memory usage in
comparison to other processes.

This has always been implicit and nothing exactly relies on the
behavior.

Gaurav notices that __task_cred() can dereference a potentially freed
pointer if the task under consideration is exiting because a reference
to the task_struct is not held.

Remove the CAP_SYS_ADMIN bias so that all processes are treated equally.

If any CAP_SYS_ADMIN process would like to be biased against, it is
always allowed to adjust /proc/pid/oom_score_adj.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803071548510.6996@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reported-by: Gaurav Kohli <gkohli@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Kswapd will not wakeup if per-zone watermarks are not failing or if too
many previous attempts at background reclaim have failed.

This can be true if there is a lot of free memory available.  For high-
order allocations, kswapd is responsible for waking up kcompactd for
background compaction.  If the zone is not below its watermarks or
reclaim has recently failed (lots of free memory, nothing left to
reclaim), kcompactd does not get woken up.

When __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM is not allowed, allow kcompactd to still be
woken up even if kswapd will not reclaim.  This allows high-order
allocations, such as thp, to still trigger background compaction even
when the zone has an abundance of free memory.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803111659420.209721@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

KASAN splats indicate that in some cases we free a live mm, then
continue to access it, with potentially disastrous results.  This is
likely due to a mismatched mmdrop() somewhere in the kernel, but so far
the culprit remains elusive.

Let's have __mmdrop() verify that the mm isn't live for the current
task, similar to the existing check for init_mm.  This way, we can catch
this class of issue earlier, and without requiring KASAN.

Currently, idle_task_exit() leaves active_mm stale after it switches to
init_mm.  This isn't harmful, but will trigger the new assertions, so we
must adjust idle_task_exit() to update active_mm.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180312140103.19235-1-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

During the reclaiming slab of a memcg, shrink_slab iterates over all
registered shrinkers in the system, and tries to count and consume
objects related to the cgroup.  In case of memory pressure, this behaves
bad: I observe high system time and time spent in list_lru_count_one()
for many processes on RHEL7 kernel.

This patch makes list_lru_node::memcg_lrus rcu protected, that allows to
skip taking spinlock in list_lru_count_one().

Shakeel Butt with the patch observes significant perf graph change.  He
says:

========================================================================
Setup: running a fork-bomb in a memcg of 200MiB on a 8GiB and 4 vcpu
VM and recording the trace with 'perf record -g -a'.

The trace without the patch:

+  34.19%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] queued_spin_lock_slowpath
+  30.77%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] _raw_spin_lock
+   3.53%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] list_lru_count_one
+   2.26%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] super_cache_count
+   1.68%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] shrink_slab
+   0.59%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] down_read_trylock
+   0.48%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore
+   0.38%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] shrink_node_memcg
+   0.32%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] queue_work_on
+   0.26%     fb.sh  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] count_shadow_nodes

With the patch:

+   0.16%     swapper  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] default_idle
+   0.13%     oom_reaper  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] mutex_spin_on_owner
+   0.05%     perf  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] copy_user_generic_string
+   0.05%     init.real  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] wait_consider_task
+   0.05%     kworker/0:0  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] finish_task_switch
+   0.04%     kworker/2:1  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] finish_task_switch
+   0.04%     kworker/3:1  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] finish_task_switch
+   0.04%     kworker/1:0  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] finish_task_switch
+   0.03%     binary  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] copy_page
========================================================================

Thanks Shakeel for the testing.

[ktkhai@virtuozzo.com: v2]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/151203869520.3915.2587549826865799173.stgit@localhost.localdomain
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/150583358557.26700.8490036563698102569.stgit@localhost.localdomain
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Tested-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The bool enable_vma_readahead and swap_vma_readahead() are local to the
source and do not need to be in global scope, so make them static.

Cleans up sparse warnings:

  mm/swap_state.c:41:6: warning: symbol 'enable_vma_readahead' was not declared. Should it be static?
  mm/swap_state.c:742:13: warning: symbol 'swap_vma_readahead' was not declared. Should it be static?

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180223164852.5159-1-colin.king@canonical.com
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Prior to commit d47992f8 ("mm: change invalidatepage prototype to
accept length"), an offset of 0 meant that the full page was being
invalidated.  After that commit, we need to instead check the length.

Jan said:
:
: The only possible issue is that try_to_release_page() was called more
: often than necessary.  Otherwise the issue is harmless but still it's good
: to have this fixed.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/x49fu5rtnzs.fsf@segfault.boston.devel.redhat.com
Fixes: d47992f8

 ("mm: change invalidatepage prototype to accept length")
Signed-off-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1519585191-10180-4-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The 'cold' parameter was removed from release_pages function by commit
c6f92f9f

 ("mm: remove cold parameter for release_pages").

Update the description to match the code.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1519585191-10180-3-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The alloc_mm_area in nommu is a stub, but its description states it
allocates kernel address space.  Remove the description to make the code
and the documentation agree.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1519585191-10180-2-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Remove ZRAM's enforced "huge object" value and use zsmalloc huge-class
watermark instead, which makes more sense.

TEST
- I used a 1G zram device, LZO compression back-end, original
  data set size was 444MB. Looking at zsmalloc classes stats the
  test ended up to be pretty fair.

BASE ZRAM/ZSMALLOC
=====================
zram mm_stat

498978816 191482495 199831552        0 199831552    15634        0

zsmalloc classes

 class  size almost_full almost_empty obj_allocated   obj_used pages_used pages_per_zspage freeable
...
   151  2448           0            0          1240       1240        744                3        0
   168  2720           0            0          4200       4200       2800                2        0
   190  3072           0            0         10100      10100       7575                3        0
   202  3264           0            0           380        380        304                4        0
   254  4096           0            0         10620      10620      10620                1        0

 Total                 7           46        106982     106187      48787                         0

PATCHED ZRAM/ZSMALLOC
=====================

zram mm_stat

498978816 182579184 194248704        0 194248704    15628        0

zsmalloc classes

 class  size almost_full almost_empty obj_allocated   obj_used pages_used pages_per_zspage freeable
...
   151  2448           0            0          1240       1240        744                3        0
   168  2720           0            0          4200       4200       2800                2        0
   190  3072           0            0         10100      10100       7575                3        0
   202  3264           0            0          7180       7180       5744                4        0
   254  4096           0            0          3820       3820       3820                1        0

 Total                 8           45        106959     106193      47424                         0

As we can see, we reduced the number of objects stored in class-4096,
because a huge number of objects which we previously forcibly stored in
class-4096 now stored in non-huge class-3264.  This results in lower
memory consumption:

- zsmalloc now uses 47424 physical pages, which is less than 48787 pages
  zsmalloc used before.

- objects that we store in class-3264 share zspages.  That's why overall
  the number of pages that both class-4096 and class-3264 consumed went
  down from 10924 to 9564.

[sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com: add pool param to zs_huge_class_size()]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180314081833.1096-3-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180306070639.7389-3-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "zsmalloc/zram: drop zram's max_zpage_size", v3.

ZRAM's max_zpage_size is a bad thing.  It forces zsmalloc to store
normal objects as huge ones, which results in bigger zsmalloc memory
usage.  Drop it and use actual zsmalloc huge-class value when decide if
the object is huge or not.

This patch (of 2):

Not every object can be share its zspage with other objects, e.g.  when
the object is as big as zspage or nearly as big a zspage.  For such
objects zsmalloc has a so called huge class - every object which belongs
to huge class consumes the entire zspage (which consists of a physical
page).  On x86_64, PAGE_SHIFT 12 box, the first non-huge class size is
3264, so starting down from size 3264, objects can share page(-s) and
thus minimize memory wastage.

ZRAM, however, has its own statically defined watermark for huge
objects, namely "3 * PAGE_SIZE / 4 = 3072", and forcibly stores every
object larger than this watermark (3072) as a PAGE_SIZE object, in other
words, to a huge class, while zsmalloc can keep some of those objects in
non-huge classes.  This results in increased memory consumption.

zsmalloc knows better if the object is huge or not.  Introduce
zs_huge_class_size() function which tells if the given object can be
stored in one of non-huge classes or not.  This will let us to drop
ZRAM's huge object watermark and fully rely on zsmalloc when we decide
if the object is huge.

[sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com: add pool param to zs_huge_class_size()]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180314081833.1096-2-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180306070639.7389-2-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Thanks to commit 4b3ef9da

 ("mm/swap: split swap cache into 64MB
trunks"), after swapoff the address_space associated with the swap
device will be freed.  So page_mapping() users which may touch the
address_space need some kind of mechanism to prevent the address_space
from being freed during accessing.

The dcache flushing functions (flush_dcache_page(), etc) in architecture
specific code may access the address_space of swap device for anonymous
pages in swap cache via page_mapping() function.  But in some cases
there are no mechanisms to prevent the swap device from being swapoff,
for example,

  CPU1					CPU2
  __get_user_pages()			swapoff()
    flush_dcache_page()
      mapping = page_mapping()
        ...				  exit_swap_address_space()
        ...				    kvfree(spaces)
        mapping_mapped(mapping)

The address space may be accessed after being freed.

But from cachetlb.txt and Russell King, flush_dcache_page() only care
about file cache pages, for anonymous pages, flush_anon_page() should be
used.  The implementation of flush_dcache_page() in all architectures
follows this too.  They will check whether page_mapping() is NULL and
whether mapping_mapped() is true to determine whether to flush the
dcache immediately.  And they will use interval tree (mapping->i_mmap)
to find all user space mappings.  While mapping_mapped() and
mapping->i_mmap isn't used by anonymous pages in swap cache at all.

So, to fix the race between swapoff and flush dcache, __page_mapping()
is add to return the address_space for file cache pages and NULL
otherwise.  All page_mapping() invoking in flush dcache functions are
replaced with page_mapping_file().

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplify page_mapping_file(), per Mike]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305083634.15174-1-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Chen Liqin <liqin.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We already get the block counts and calculate the end block at the
beginning of the function.  Let's use the local variables for
consistency and readability.  No functional changes

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: constify the locals to prevent future slipups]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1519638870-17756-1-git-send-email-nborisov@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

clang reports the following compile warning.

  In file included from mm/vmscan.c:56:
  ./include/linux/swapops.h:327:22: warning:
	section attribute is specified on redeclared variable [-Wsection]
  extern atomic_long_t num_poisoned_pages __read_mostly;
                       ^
  ./include/linux/mm.h:2585:22: note: previous declaration is here
  extern atomic_long_t num_poisoned_pages;
                     ^

Let's use __read_mostly everywhere.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1519686565-8224-1-git-send-email-linux@roeck-us.net
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Given that device-dax is making similar page mapping size guarantees as
hugetlbfs, emit the size in smaps and any other kernel path that
requests the mapping size of a vma.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/151996255287.27922.18397777516059080245.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Reported-by: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When device-dax is operating in huge-page mode we want it to behave like
hugetlbfs and report the MMU page mapping size that is being enforced by
the vma.

Similar to commit 31383c68

 "mm, hugetlbfs: introduce ->split() to
vm_operations_struct" it would be messy to teach vma_mmu_pagesize()
about device-dax page mapping sizes in the same (hstate) way that
hugetlbfs communicates this attribute.  Instead, these patches introduce
a new ->pagesize() vm operation.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/151996254734.27922.15813097401404359642.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Reported-by: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "mm, smaps: MMUPageSize for device-dax", v3.

Similar to commit 31383c68

 ("mm, hugetlbfs: introduce ->split() to
vm_operations_struct") here is another occasion where we want
special-case hugetlbfs/hstate enabling to also apply to device-dax.

This prompts the question what other hstate conversions we might do
beyond ->split() and ->pagesize(), but this appears to be the last of
the usages of hstate_vma() in generic/non-hugetlbfs specific code paths.

This patch (of 3):

The current powerpc definition of vma_mmu_pagesize() open codes looking
up the page size via hstate.  It is identical to the generic
vma_kernel_pagesize() implementation.

Now, vma_kernel_pagesize() is growing support for determining the page
size of Device-DAX vmas in addition to the existing Hugetlbfs page size
determination.

Ideally, if the powerpc vma_mmu_pagesize() used vma_kernel_pagesize() it
would automatically benefit from any new vma-type support that is added
to vma_kernel_pagesize().  However, the powerpc vma_mmu_pagesize() is
prevented from calling vma_kernel_pagesize() due to a circular header
dependency that requires vma_mmu_pagesize() to be defined before
including <linux/hugetlb.h>.

Break this circular dependency by defining the default vma_mmu_pagesize()
as a __weak symbol to be overridden by the powerpc version.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/151996254179.27922.2213728278535578744.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

- Fixed style error: 8 spaces -> 1 tab.
- Fixed style warning: Corrected misleading indentation.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180302210254.31888-1-marioleinweber@web.de
Signed-off-by: Mario Leinweber <marioleinweber@web.de>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When a page is freed back to the global pool, its buddy will be checked
to see if it's possible to do a merge.  This requires accessing buddy's
page structure and that access could take a long time if it's cache
cold.

This patch adds a prefetch to the to-be-freed page's buddy outside of
zone->lock in hope of accessing buddy's page structure later under
zone->lock will be faster.  Since we *always* do buddy merging and check
an order-0 page's buddy to try to merge it when it goes into the main
allocator, the cacheline will always come in, i.e.  the prefetched data
will never be unused.

Normally, the number of prefetch will be pcp->batch(default=31 and has
an upper limit of (PAGE_SHIFT * 8)=96 on x86_64) but in the case of
pcp's pages get all drained, it will be pcp->count which has an upper
limit of pcp->high.  pcp->high, although has a default value of 186
(pcp->batch=31 * 6), can be changed by user through
/proc/sys/vm/percpu_pagelist_fraction and there is no software upper
limit so could be large, like several thousand.  For this reason, only
the first pcp->batch number of page's buddy structure is prefetched to
avoid excessive prefetching.

In the meantime, there are two concerns:

 1. the prefetch could potentially evict existing cachelines, especially
    for L1D cache since it is not huge

 2. there is some additional instruction overhead, namely calculating
    buddy pfn twice

For 1, it's hard to say, this microbenchmark though shows good result
but the actual benefit of this patch will be workload/CPU dependant;

For 2, since the calculation is a XOR on two local variables, it's
expected in many cases that cycles spent will be offset by reduced
memory latency later.  This is especially true for NUMA machines where
multiple CPUs are contending on zone->lock and the most time consuming
part under zone->lock is the wait of 'struct page' cacheline of the
to-be-freed pages and their buddies.

Test with will-it-scale/page_fault1 full load:

  kernel      Broadwell(2S)  Skylake(2S)   Broadwell(4S)  Skylake(4S)
  v4.16-rc2+  9034215        7971818       13667135       15677465
  patch2/3    9536374 +5.6%  8314710 +4.3% 14070408 +3.0% 16675866 +6.4%
  this patch 10180856 +6.8%  8506369 +2.3% 14756865 +4.9% 17325324 +3.9%

Note: this patch's performance improvement percent is against patch2/3.

(Changelog stolen from Dave Hansen and Mel Gorman's comments at
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148a42d8-8306-2f2f-7f7c-86bc118f8ccd@intel.com)

[aaron.lu@intel.com: use helper function, avoid disordering pages]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180301062845.26038-4-aaron.lu@intel.com
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180320113146.GB24737@intel.com
[aaron.lu@intel.com: v4]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180301062845.26038-4-aaron.lu@intel.com
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180309082431.GB30868@intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180301062845.26038-4-aaron.lu@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Ying Huang <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When freeing a batch of pages from Per-CPU-Pages(PCP) back to buddy, the
zone->lock is held and then pages are chosen from PCP's migratetype
list.  While there is actually no need to do this 'choose part' under
lock since it's PCP pages, the only CPU that can touch them is us and
irq is also disabled.

Moving this part outside could reduce lock held time and improve
performance.  Test with will-it-scale/page_fault1 full load:

  kernel      Broadwell(2S)  Skylake(2S)   Broadwell(4S)  Skylake(4S)
  v4.16-rc2+  9034215        7971818       13667135       15677465
  this patch  95363747

 +5.6%  8314710 +4.3% 14070408 +3.0% 16675866 +6.4%

What the test does is: starts $nr_cpu processes and each will repeatedly
do the following for 5 minutes:

 - mmap 128M anonymouse space

 - write access to that space

 - munmap.

The score is the aggregated iteration.

https://github.com/antonblanchard/will-it-scale/blob/master/tests/page_fault1.c

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180301062845.26038-3-aaron.lu@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Matthew Wilcox found that all callers of free_pcppages_bulk() currently
update pcp->count immediately after so it's natural to do it inside
free_pcppages_bulk().

No functionality or performance change is expected from this patch.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180301062845.26038-2-aaron.lu@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@intel.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It's possible for free pages to become stranded on per-cpu pagesets
(pcps) that, if drained, could be merged with buddy pages on the zone's
free area to form large order pages, including up to MAX_ORDER.

Consider a verbose example using the tools/vm/page-types tool at the
beginning of a ZONE_NORMAL ('B' indicates a buddy page and 'S' indicates
a slab page).  Pages on pcps do not have any page flags set.

  109954  1       _______S________________________________________________________
  109955  2       __________B_____________________________________________________
  109957  1       ________________________________________________________________
  109958  1       __________B_____________________________________________________
  109959  7       ________________________________________________________________
  109960  1       __________B_____________________________________________________
  109961  9       ________________________________________________________________
  10996a  1       __________B_____________________________________________________
  10996b  3       ________________________________________________________________
  10996e  1       __________B_____________________________________________________
  10996f  1       ________________________________________________________________
  ...
  109f8c  1       __________B_____________________________________________________
  109f8d  2       ________________________________________________________________
  109f8f  2       __________B_____________________________________________________
  109f91  f       ________________________________________________________________
  109fa0  1       __________B_____________________________________________________
  109fa1  7       ________________________________________________________________
  109fa8  1       __________B_____________________________________________________
  109fa9  1       ________________________________________________________________
  109faa  1       __________B_____________________________________________________
  109fab  1       _______S________________________________________________________

The compaction migration scanner is attempting to defragment this memory
since it is at the beginning of the zone.  It has done so quite well,
all movable pages have been migrated.  From pfn [0x109955, 0x109fab),
there are only buddy pages and pages without flags set.

These pages may be stranded on pcps that could otherwise allow this
memory to be coalesced if freed back to the zone free area.  It is
possible that some of these pages may not be on pcps and that something
has called alloc_pages() and used the memory directly, but we rely on
the absence of __GFP_MOVABLE in these cases to allocate from
MIGATE_UNMOVABLE pageblocks to try to keep these MIGRATE_MOVABLE
pageblocks as free as possible.

These buddy and pcp pages, spanning 1,621 pages, could be coalesced and
allow for three transparent hugepages to be dynamically allocated.
Running the numbers for all such spans on the system, it was found that
there were over 400 such spans of only buddy pages and pages without
flags set at the time this /proc/kpageflags sample was collected.
Without this support, there were _no_ order-9 or order-10 pages free.

When kcompactd fails to defragment memory such that a cc.order page can
be allocated, drain all pcps for the zone back to the buddy allocator so
this stranding cannot occur.  Compaction for that order will
subsequently be deferred, which acts as a ratelimit on this drain.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803010340100.88270@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

should_failslab() is a convenient function to hook into for directed
error injection into kmalloc().  However, it is only available if a
config flag is set.

The following BCC script, for example, fails kmalloc() calls after a
btrfs umount:

    from bcc import BPF

    prog = r"""
    BPF_HASH(flag);

    #include <linux/mm.h>

    int kprobe__btrfs_close_devices(void *ctx) {
            u64 key = 1;
            flag.update(&key, &key);
            return 0;
    }

    int kprobe__should_failslab(struct pt_regs *ctx) {
            u64 key = 1;
            u64 *res;
            res = flag.lookup(&key);
            if (res != 0) {
                bpf_override_return(ctx, -ENOMEM);
            }
            return 0;
    }
    """
    b = BPF(text=prog)

    while 1:
        b.kprobe_poll()

This patch refactors the should_failslab implementation so that the
function is always available for error injection, independent of flags.

This change would be similar in nature to commit f5490d3ec921 ("block:
Add should_fail_bio() for bpf error injection").

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180222020320.6944-1-hmclauchlan@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Howard McLauchlan <hmclauchlan@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@fb.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The early_param() is only called during kernel initialization, So Linux
marks the function of it with __init macro to save memory.

But it forgot to mark the early_page_poison_param().  So, Make it __init
as well.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180117034757.27024-1-douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com
Signed-off-by: Dou Liyang <douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The early_param() is only called during kernel initialization, So Linux
marks the functions of it with __init macro to save memory.

But it forgot to mark the early_page_owner_param().  So, Make it __init
as well.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180117034736.26963-1-douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com
Signed-off-by: Dou Liyang <douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The early_param() is only called during kernel initialization, So Linux
marks the functions of it with __init macro to save memory.

But it forgot to mark the kmemleak_boot_config().  So, Make it __init as
well.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180117034720.26897-1-douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com
Signed-off-by: Dou Liyang <douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch makes do_swap_page() not need to be aware of two different
swap readahead algorithms.  Just unify cluster-based and vma-based
readahead function call.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1509520520-32367-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180220085249.151400-3-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When I see recent change of swap readahead, I am very unhappy about
current code structure which diverges two swap readahead algorithm in
do_swap_page.  This patch is to clean it up.

Main motivation is that fault handler doesn't need to be aware of
readahead algorithms but just should call swapin_readahead.

As first step, this patch cleans up a little bit but not perfect (I just
separate for review easier) so next patch will make the goal complete.

[minchan@kernel.org: do not check readahead flag with THP anon]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/874lm83zho.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180227232611.169883-1-minchan@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1509520520-32367-2-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180220085249.151400-2-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>