Using order 4 pages would be helpful for IOMMUs mapping, but trying to get
order 4 pages could spend quite much time in the page allocation.  From
the perspective of responsiveness, the deterministic memory allocation
speed, I think, is quite important.

The order 4 allocation with __GFP_RECLAIM may spend much time in reclaim
and compation logic.  __GFP_NORETRY also may affect.  These cause
unpredictable delay.

To get reasonable allocation speed from dma-buf system heap, use
HIGH_ORDER_GFP for order 4 to avoid reclaim.  And let me remove
meaningless __GFP_COMP for order 0.

According to my tests, order 4 with MID_ORDER_GFP could get more number
of order 4 pages but the elapsed times could be very slow.

         time	order 8	order 4	order 0
     584 usec	0	160	0
  28,428 usec	0	160	0
 100,701 usec	0	160	0
  76,645 usec	0	160	0
  25,522 usec	0	160	0
  38,798 usec	0	160	0
  89,012 usec	0	160	0
  23,015 usec	0	160	0
  73,360 usec	0	160	0
  76,953 usec	0	160	0
  31,492 usec	0	160	0
  75,889 usec	0	160	0
  84,551 usec	0	160	0
  84,352 usec	0	160	0
  57,103 usec	0	160	0
  93,452 usec	0	160	0

If HIGH_ORDER_GFP is used for order 4, the number of order 4 could be
decreased but the elapsed time results were quite stable and fast enough.

         time	order 8	order 4	order 0
   1,356 usec	0	155	80
   1,901 usec	0	11	2384
   1,912 usec	0	0	2560
   1,911 usec	0	0	2560
   1,884 usec	0	0	2560
   1,577 usec	0	0	2560
   1,366 usec	0	0	2560
   1,711 usec	0	0	2560
   1,635 usec	0	28	2112
     544 usec	10	0	0
     633 usec	2	128	0
     848 usec	0	160	0
     729 usec	0	160	0
   1,000 usec	0	160	0
   1,358 usec	0	160	0
   2,638 usec	0	31	2064

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230303050332.10138-1-jaewon31.kim@samsung.com
Signed-off-by: Jaewon Kim <jaewon31.kim@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: John Stultz <jstultz@google.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@linaro.org>
Cc: T.J. Mercier <tjmercier@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Add tests ensuring that memset16()/memset32()/memset64() are instrumented
by KMSAN and correctly initialize the memory.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230303141433.3422671-4-glider@google.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

KMSAN must see as many memory accesses as possible to prevent false
positive reports.  Fall back to versions of
memset16()/memset32()/memset64() implemented in lib/string.c instead of
those written in assembly.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230303141433.3422671-3-glider@google.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Suggested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

commit 5478afc5

 ("kmsan: fix memcpy tests") uses OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR()
to hide the uninitialized var from the compiler optimizations.

However OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(uninit) enforces an immediate check of @uninit,
so memcpy tests did not actually check the behavior of memcpy(), because
they always contained a KMSAN report.

Replace OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR() with a file-local macro that just clobbers
the memory with a barrier(), and add a test case for memcpy() that does
not expect an error report.

Also reflow kmsan_test.c with clang-format.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230303141433.3422671-2-glider@google.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

clang -fsanitize=kernel-memory already replaces calls to
memset/memcpy/memmove and their __builtin_ versions with
__msan_memset/__msan_memcpy/__msan_memmove in instrumented files, so
there is no need to override them.

In non-instrumented versions we are now required to leave memset() and
friends intact, so we cannot replace them with __msan_XXX() functions.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230303141433.3422671-1-glider@google.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Suggested-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Explicit memcg uncharging is not needed when the memcg accounting has the
same lifespan of the page/folio.  That becomes the case for khugepaged
after Yang & Zach's recent rework so the hpage will be allocated for each
collapse rather than being cached.

Cleanup the explicit memcg uncharge in khugepaged failure path and leave
that for put_page().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230303151218.311015-1-peterx@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Cc: David Stevens <stevensd@chromium.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Since the following commit arch_make_huge_pte() should be used directly in
generic memory subsystem as a platform provided page table helper, instead
of pte_mkhuge().  Change hugetlb_basic_tests() to call
arch_make_huge_pte() directly, and update its relevant documentation entry
as required.

'commit 16785bd7

 ("mm: merge pte_mkhuge() call into arch_make_huge_pte()")'

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302114845.421674-1-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Reported-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
  Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/1ea45095-0926-a56a-a273-816709e9075e@csgroup.eu/
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Since the following commit, arch_make_huge_pte() should be used directly
in generic memory subsystem as a platform provided page table helper,
instead of pte_mkhuge().  This just drops pte_mkhuge() from
remove_migration_pte(), which has now become redundant.

'commit 16785bd7

 ("mm: merge pte_mkhuge() call into arch_make_huge_pte()")'

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302025349.358341-1-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Reported-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
  Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/1ea45095-0926-a56a-a273-816709e9075e@csgroup.eu/
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

All the callers of cgroup_throttle_swaprate() are converted to
folio_throttle_swaprate(), so make __cgroup_throttle_swaprate() to take a
folio, and rename it to __folio_throttle_swaprate(), also rename gfp_mask
to gfp and drop redundant extern keyword.  finally, drop unused
cgroup_throttle_swaprate().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302115835.105364-8-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Directly use folio_throttle_swaprate() instead of
cgroup_throttle_swaprate().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302115835.105364-7-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Directly use folio_throttle_swaprate() instead of
cgroup_throttle_swaprate().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302115835.105364-6-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Directly use folio_throttle_swaprate() instead of
cgroup_throttle_swaprate().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302115835.105364-5-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Directly use folio_throttle_swaprate() instead of
cgroup_throttle_swaprate().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302115835.105364-4-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Directly use folio_throttle_swaprate() instead of
cgroup_throttle_swaprate().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302115835.105364-3-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "mm: remove cgroup_throttle_swaprate() completely", v2.

Convert all the caller functions of cgroup_throttle_swaprate() to use
folios, and use folio_throttle_swaprate(), which allows us to remove
cgroup_throttle_swaprate() completely.


This patch (of 7):

Convert from page to folio within __do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page(), as we
need the precise page which is to be stored at this PTE in the folio, the
function still keep a page as the parameter.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302115835.105364-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302115835.105364-2-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Instead of changing the page's tag solely in order to obtain a pointer
with a match-all tag and then changing it back again, just convert the
pointer that we get from kmap_atomic() into one with a match-all tag
before passing it to clear_page().

On a certain microarchitecture, this has been observed to cause a
measurable improvement in microbenchmark performance, presumably as a
result of being able to avoid the atomic operations on the page tag.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230216195924.3287772-1-pcc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com>
Link: https://linux-review.googlesource.com/id/I0249822cc29097ca7a04ad48e8eb14871f80e711
Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Evgenii Stepanov <eugenis@google.com>
Cc: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com>
Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

There are several 'malloc' calls in test_memcontrol, which can be
unsuccessful.  This patch will add 'malloc' failures checking to give more
details about test's fail reasons and avoid possible undefined behavior
during the future null dereference (like the one in
alloc_anon_50M_check_swap function).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230226131634.34366-1-ivan.orlov0322@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ivan Orlov <ivan.orlov0322@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan.x@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Use atomic_try_cmpxchg instead of atomic_cmpxchg (*ptr, old, new) == old
in set_tlb_ubc_flush_pending.  86 CMPXCHG instruction returns success in
ZF flag, so this change saves a compare after cmpxchg (and related move
instruction in front of cmpxchg).

Also, try_cmpxchg implicitly assigns old *ptr value to "old" when cmpxchg
fails.

No functional change intended.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230227214228.3533299-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Some page flags are stored in page_type rather than ->flags field.
Use newly introduced page type %pGt in dump_page().

Below are some examples:

page:00000000da7184dd refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x101cb3
flags: 0x2ffff0000000000(node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0xffff)
page_type: 0xffffffff()
raw: 02ffff0000000000 0000000000000000 dead000000000122 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: newly allocated page

page:00000000da7184dd refcount:0 mapcount:-128 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x101cb3
flags: 0x2ffff0000000000(node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0xffff)
page_type: 0xffffff7f(buddy)
raw: 02ffff0000000000 ffff88813fff8e80 ffff88813fff8e80 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000ffffff7f 0000000000000000
page dumped because: freed page

page:0000000042202316 refcount:3 mapcount:2 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x7f634722a pfn:0x11994e
memcg:ffff888100135000
anon flags: 0x2ffff0000080024(uptodate|active|swapbacked|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0xffff)
page_type: 0x1()
raw: 02ffff0000080024 0000000000000000 dead000000000122 ffff8881193398f1
raw: 00000007f634722a 0000000000000000 0000000300000001 ffff888100135000
page dumped because: user-mapped page

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130042514.2418-4-42.hyeyoo@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

%pGp format is used to display 'flags' field of a struct page.  However,
some page flags (i.e.  PG_buddy, see page-flags.h for more details) are
stored in page_type field.  To display human-readable output of page_type,
introduce %pGt format.

It is important to note the meaning of bits are different in page_type. 
if page_type is 0xffffffff, no flags are set.  Setting PG_buddy
(0x00000080) flag results in a page_type of 0xffffff7f.  Clearing a bit
actually means setting a flag.  Bits in page_type are inverted when
displaying type names.

Only values for which page_type_has_type() returns true are considered as
page_type, to avoid confusion with mapcount values.  if it returns false,
only raw values are displayed and not page type names.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130042514.2418-3-42.hyeyoo@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>	[vsprintf part]
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "mm, printk: introduce new format for page_type", v4.

This series moves PG_slab page flag to page_type, freeing one bit in
page->flags and introduces %pGt format that prints human-readable
page_type like %pGp for printing page flags.

See changelog of patch 2 for more implementation details.

Thanks everyone that gave valuable comments.


This patch (of 3):

Use helper macro to decrease chances of typo when defining pageflag_names.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130042514.2418-1-42.hyeyoo@gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/Y6AycLbpjVzXM5I9@smile.fi.intel.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130042514.2418-2-42.hyeyoo@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

This adds the following tracepoints to ksm:
- start / stop scan
- ksm enter / exit
- merge a page
- merge a page with ksm
- remove a page
- remove a rmap item

This patch has been split off from the RFC patch series "mm:
process/cgroup ksm support".

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230210214645.2720847-1-shr@devkernel.io
Signed-off-by: Stefan Roesch <shr@devkernel.io>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

On a 16-socket 192-core POWER8 system, the context_switch1_threads
benchmark from will-it-scale (see earlier changelog), upstream can achieve
a rate of about 1 million context switches per second, due to contention
on the mm refcount.

64s meets the prerequisites for CONFIG_MMU_LAZY_TLB_SHOOTDOWN, so enable
the option.  This increases the above benchmark to 118 million context
switches per second.

This generates 314 additional IPI interrupts on a 144 CPU system doing a
kernel compile, which is in the noise in terms of kernel cycles.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230203071837.1136453-6-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

On big systems, the mm refcount can become highly contented when doing a
lot of context switching with threaded applications.  user<->idle switch
is one of the important cases.  Abandoning lazy tlb entirely slows this
switching down quite a bit in the common uncontended case, so that is not
viable.

Implement a scheme where lazy tlb mm references do not contribute to the
refcount, instead they get explicitly removed when the refcount reaches
zero.

The final mmdrop() sends IPIs to all CPUs in the mm_cpumask and they
switch away from this mm to init_mm if it was being used as the lazy tlb
mm.  Enabling the shoot lazies option therefore requires that the arch
ensures that mm_cpumask contains all CPUs that could possibly be using mm.
A DEBUG_VM option IPIs every CPU in the system after this to ensure there
are no references remaining before the mm is freed.

Shootdown IPIs cost could be an issue, but they have not been observed to
be a serious problem with this scheme, because short-lived processes tend
not to migrate CPUs much, therefore they don't get much chance to leave
lazy tlb mm references on remote CPUs.  There are a lot of options to
reduce them if necessary, described in comments.

The near-worst-case can be benchmarked with will-it-scale:

  context_switch1_threads -t $(($(nproc) / 2))

This will create nproc threads (nproc / 2 switching pairs) all sharing the
same mm that spread over all CPUs so each CPU does thread->idle->thread
switching.

[ Rik came up with basically the same idea a few years ago, so credit
  to him for that. ]

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20230118080011.2258375-1-npiggin@gmail.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20180728215357.3249-11-riel@surriel.com/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230203071837.1136453-5-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Add CONFIG_MMU_TLB_REFCOUNT which enables refcounting of the lazy tlb mm
when it is context switched.  This can be disabled by architectures that
don't require this refcounting if they clean up lazy tlb mms when the last
refcount is dropped.  Currently this is always enabled, so the patch
introduces no functional change.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230203071837.1136453-4-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Add explicit _lazy_tlb annotated functions for lazy tlb mm refcounting. 
This makes the lazy tlb mm references more obvious, and allows the
refcounting scheme to be modified in later changes.  There is no
functional change with this patch.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230203071837.1136453-3-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "shoot lazy tlbs (lazy tlb refcount scalability
improvement)", v7.

This series improves scalability of context switching between user and
kernel threads on large systems with a threaded process spread across a
lot of CPUs.

Discussion of v6 here:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20230118080011.2258375-1-npiggin@gmail.com/


This patch (of 5):

Remove the special case avoiding refcounting when the mm to be used is the
same as the kernel thread's active (lazy tlb) mm.  kthread_use_mm() should
not be such a performance critical path that this matters much.  This
simplifies a later change to lazy tlb mm refcounting.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230203071837.1136453-1-npiggin@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230203071837.1136453-2-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The worst-case scenario on finding same element pages is that almost all
elements are same at the first glance but only last few elements are
different.

Since the same element tends to be grouped from the beginning of the
pages, if we check the first element with the last element before looping
through all elements, we might have some chances to quickly detect
non-same element pages.

1. Test is done under LG webOS TV (64-bit arch)
2. Dump the swap-out pages (~819200 pages)
3. Analyze the pages with simple test script which counts the iteration
   number and measures the speed at off-line

Under 64-bit arch, the worst iteration count is PAGE_SIZE / 8 bytes = 512.
The speed is based on the time to consume page_same_filled() function
only.  The result, on average, is listed as below:

                                   Num of Iter    Speed(MB/s)
Looping-Forward (Orig)                 38            99265
Looping-Backward                       36           102725
Last-element-check (This Patch)        33           125072

The result shows that the average iteration count decreases by 13% and the
speed increases by 25% with this patch.  This patch does not increase the
overall time complexity, though.

I also ran simpler version which uses backward loop.  Just looping
backward also makes some improvement, but less than this patch.

A similar change has already been made to zram in 90f82cbf

 ("zram: try
to avoid worst-case scenario on same element pages").

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230205190036.1730134-1-taejoon.song@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Taejoon Song <taejoon.song@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Taejoon Song <taejoon.song@lge.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: <yjay.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

This patch improves the design doc. Specifically,
  1. add a section for the per-memcg mm_struct list, and
  2. add a section for the PID controller.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230214035445.1250139-2-talumbau@google.com
Signed-off-by: T.J. Alumbaugh <talumbau@google.com>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

This patch cleans up the sysfs code. Specifically,
  1. use sysfs_emit(),
  2. use __ATTR_RW(), and
  3. constify multi-gen LRU struct attribute_group.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230214035445.1250139-1-talumbau@google.com
Signed-off-by: T.J. Alumbaugh <talumbau@google.com>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Syzbot reports a warning in untrack_pfn().  Digging into the root we found
that this is due to memory allocation failure in pmd_alloc_one.  And this
failure is produced due to failslab.

In copy_page_range(), memory alloaction for pmd failed.  During the error
handling process in copy_page_range(), mmput() is called to remove all
vmas.  While untrack_pfn this empty pfn, warning happens.

Here's a simplified flow:

dup_mm
  dup_mmap
    copy_page_range
      copy_p4d_range
        copy_pud_range
          copy_pmd_range
            pmd_alloc
              __pmd_alloc
                pmd_alloc_one
                  page = alloc_pages(gfp, 0);
                    if (!page)
                      return NULL;
    mmput
        exit_mmap
          unmap_vmas
            unmap_single_vma
              untrack_pfn
                follow_phys
                  WARN_ON_ONCE(1);

Since this vma is not generate successfully, we can clear flag VM_PAT.  In
this case, untrack_pfn() will not be called while cleaning this vma.

Function untrack_pfn_moved() has also been renamed to fit the new logic.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230217025615.1595558-1-mawupeng1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Ma Wupeng <mawupeng1@huawei.com>
Reported-by:  <syzbot+5f488e922d047d8f00cc@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

mwriteprotect_range() errors out if [start, end) doesn't fall in one VMA. 
We are facing a use case where multiple VMAs are present in one range of
interest.  For example, the following pseudocode reproduces the error
which we are trying to fix:

- Allocate memory of size 16 pages with PROT_NONE with mmap
- Register userfaultfd
- Change protection of the first half (1 to 8 pages) of memory to
  PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE. This breaks the memory area in two VMAs.
- Now UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT_MODE_WP on the whole memory of 16 pages errors
  out.

This is a simple use case where user may or may not know if the memory
area has been divided into multiple VMAs.

We need an implementation which doesn't disrupt the already present users.
So keeping things simple, stop going over all the VMAs if any one of the
VMA hasn't been registered in WP mode.  While at it, remove the un-needed
error check as well.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/VM_WARN_ON_ONCE/VM_WARN_ONCE/ to fix build]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230217105558.832710-1-usama.anjum@collabora.com
Signed-off-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@collabora.com>
Acked-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Paul Gofman <pgofman@codeweavers.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Historically, we have performed sanity checks on all struct pages being
allocated or freed, making sure they have no unexpected page flags or
certain field values.  This can detect insufficient cleanup and some cases
of use-after-free, although on its own it can't always identify the
culprit.  The result is a warning and the "bad page" being leaked.

The checks do need some cpu cycles, so in 4.7 with commits 479f854a
("mm, page_alloc: defer debugging checks of pages allocated from the PCP")
and 4db7548c ("mm, page_alloc: defer debugging checks of freed pages
until a PCP drain") they were no longer performed in the hot paths when
allocating and freeing from pcplists, but only when pcplists are bypassed,
refilled or drained.  For debugging purposes, with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM enabled
the checks were instead still done in the hot paths and not when refilling
or draining pcplists.

With 4462b32c

 ("mm, page_alloc: more extensive free page checking with
debug_pagealloc"), enabling debug_pagealloc also moved the sanity checks
back to hot pahs.  When both debug_pagealloc and CONFIG_DEBUG_VM are
enabled, the checks are done both in hotpaths and pcplist refill/drain.

Even though the non-debug default today might seem to be a sensible
tradeoff between overhead and ability to detect bad pages, on closer look
it's arguably not.  As most allocations go through the pcplists, catching
any bad pages when refilling or draining pcplists has only a small chance,
insufficient for debugging or serious hardening purposes.  On the other
hand the cost of the checks is concentrated in the already expensive
drain/refill batching operations, and those are done under the often
contended zone lock.  That was recently identified as an issue for page
allocation and the zone lock contention reduced by moving the checks
outside of the locked section with a patch "mm: reduce lock contention of
pcp buffer refill", but the cost of the checks is still visible compared
to their removal [1].  In the pcplist draining path free_pcppages_bulk()
the checks are still done under zone->lock.

Thus, remove the checks from pcplist refill and drain paths completely.
Introduce a static key check_pages_enabled to control checks during page
allocation a freeing (whether pcplist is used or bypassed). The static
key is enabled if either is true:

- kernel is built with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y (debugging)
- debug_pagealloc or page poisoning is boot-time enabled (debugging)
- init_on_alloc or init_on_free is boot-time enabled (hardening)

The resulting user visible changes:
- no checks when draining/refilling pcplists - less overhead, with
  likely no practical reduction of ability to catch bad pages
- no checks when bypassing pcplists in default config (no
  debugging/hardening) - less overhead etc. as above
- on typical hardened kernels [2], checks are now performed on each page
  allocation/free (previously only when bypassing/draining/refilling
  pcplists) - the init_on_alloc/init_on_free enabled should be sufficient
  indication for preferring more costly alloc/free operations for
  hardening purposes and we shouldn't need to introduce another toggle
- code (various wrappers) removal and simplification

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/68ba44d8-6899-c018-dcb3-36f3a96e6bea@sra.uni-hannover.de/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/63ebc499.a70a0220.9ac51.29ea@mx.google.com/

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style cleanups]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make check_pages_enabled static]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230216095131.17336-1-vbabka@suse.cz
Reported-by: Alexander Halbuer <halbuer@sra.uni-hannover.de>
Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

rmqueue_bulk() batches the allocation of multiple elements to refill the
per-CPU buffers into a single hold of the zone lock.  Each element is
allocated and checked using check_pcp_refill().  The check touches every
related struct page which is especially expensive for higher order
allocations (huge pages).

This patch reduces the time holding the lock by moving the check out of
the critical section similar to rmqueue_buddy() which allocates a single
element.

Measurements of parallel allocation-heavy workloads show a reduction of
the average huge page allocation latency of 50 percent for two cores and
nearly 90 percent for 24 cores.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230201162549.68384-1-halbuer@sra.uni-hannover.de
Signed-off-by: Alexander Halbuer <halbuer@sra.uni-hannover.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Since commit ee6d3dd4

 ("driver core: make kobj_type constant.") the
driver core allows the usage of const struct kobj_type.

Take advantage of this to constify the structure definition to prevent
modification at runtime.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230220-kobj_type-mm-cma-v1-1-45996cff1a81@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Cc: Wedson Almeida Filho <wedsonaf@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

If memory charge failed, instead of returning the hpage but with an error,
allow the function to cleanup the folio properly, which is normally what a
function should do in this case - either return successfully, or return
with no side effect of partial runs with an indicated error.

This will also avoid the caller calling mem_cgroup_uncharge()
unnecessarily with either anon or shmem path (even if it's safe to do so).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230222195247.791227-1-peterx@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Stevens <stevensd@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The check of IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL) is unnecessary since
register_sysctl_init() will be empty in this case.  So, there is no
warnings after removing the check.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230223065947.64134-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230324130737.3360169-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.i.king@gmail.com>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@ya.ru>
Cc: Konrad Dybcio <konrad.dybcio@linaro.org>
Cc: Leonard Crestez <cdleonard@gmail.com>
Cc: Qais Yousef <qyousef@layalina.io>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Cc: Vasily Averin <vasily.averin@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The struct pages could be discontiguous when the kfence pool is allocated
via alloc_contig_pages() with CONFIG_SPARSEMEM and
!CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP.

This may result in setting PG_slab and memcg_data to a arbitrary
address (may be not used as a struct page), which in the worst case
might corrupt the kernel.

So the iteration should use nth_page().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230323025003.94447-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Fixes: 0ce20dd8

 ("mm: add Kernel Electric-Fence infrastructure")
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

It does not reset PG_slab and memcg_data when KFENCE fails to initialize
kfence pool at runtime.  It is reporting a "Bad page state" message when
kfence pool is freed to buddy.  The checking of whether it is a compound
head page seems unnecessary since we already guarantee this when
allocating kfence pool.   Remove the check to simplify the code.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230320030059.20189-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Fixes: 0ce20dd8

 ("mm: add Kernel Electric-Fence infrastructure")
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: SeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>