bpf: Use scalar ids in mark_chain_precision()

Change mark_chain_precision() to track precision in situations
like below:

    r2 = unknown value
    ...
  --- state #0 ---
    ...
    r1 = r2                 // r1 and r2 now share the same ID
    ...
  --- state #1 {r1.id = A, r2.id = A} ---
    ...
    if (r2 > 10) goto exit; // find_equal_scalars() assigns range to r1
    ...
  --- state #2 {r1.id = A, r2.id = A} ---
    r3 = r10
    r3 += r1                // need to mark both r1 and r2

At the beginning of the processing of each state, ensure that if a
register with a scalar ID is marked as precise, all registers sharing
this ID are also marked as precise.

This property would be used by a follow-up change in regsafe().

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230613153824.3324830-2-eddyz87@gmail.com