clk: add clk_rate_exclusive api

Using clock rate protection, we can now provide a way for clock consumer
to claim exclusive control over the rate of a producer

So far, rate change operations have been a "last write wins" affair. This
changes allows drivers to explicitly protect against this behavior, if
required.

Of course, if exclusivity over a producer is claimed more than once, the
rate is effectively locked as exclusivity cannot be preempted

Tested-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime.ripard@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: Michael Turquette <mturquette@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Jerome Brunet <jbrunet@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Turquette <mturquette@baylibre.com>
Link: lkml.kernel.org/r/20171201215200.23523-10-jbrunet@baylibre.com