spi: stm32: enable controller before asserting CS

On the STM32F4/7, the MOSI and CLK pins float while the controller is
disabled. CS is a regular GPIO, and therefore always driven. Currently,
the controller is enabled in the transfer_one() callback, which runs
after CS is asserted.  Therefore, there is a period where the SPI pins
are floating while CS is asserted, making it possible for stray signals
to disrupt communications. An analogous problem occurs at the end of the
transfer when the controller is disabled before CS is released.

This problem can be reliably observed by enabling the pull-up (if
CPOL=0) or pull-down (if CPOL=1) on the clock pin. This will cause two
extra unintended clock edges per transfer, when the controller is
enabled and disabled.

Note that this bug is likely not present on the STM32H7, because this
driver sets the AFCNTR bit (not supported on F4/F7), which keeps the SPI
pins driven even while the controller is disabled.

Enabling/disabling the controller as part of runtime PM was suggested as
an alternative approach, but this breaks the driver on the STM32MP1 (see
[1]). The following quote from the manual may explain this:

> To restart the internal state machine properly, SPI is strongly
> suggested to be disabled and re-enabled before next transaction starts
> despite its setting is not changed.

This patch has been tested on an STM32F746 with a MAX14830 UART
expander.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/ZXzRi_h2AMqEhMVw@dell-precision-5540/T/

Signed-off-by: Ben Wolsieffer <ben.wolsieffer@hefring.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240424135237.1329001-2-ben.wolsieffer@hefring.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>