io_uring: fix io_prep_async_link locking

io_prep_async_link() may be called after arming a linked timeout,
automatically making it unsafe to traverse the linked list. Guard
with completion_lock if there was a linked timeout.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.9+
Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/93f7c617e2b4f012a2a175b3dab6bc2f27cebc48.1627304436.git.asml.silence@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>