selftests/bpf: Test kernel module ksym externs

Add per-CPU variable to bpf_testmod.ko and use those from new selftest to
validate it works end-to-end.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Acked-by: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210112075520.4103414-8-andrii@kernel.org