timers: Split out forward timer base functionality

Forwarding timer base is done when the next expiry value is calculated and
when a new timer is enqueued. When the next expiry value is calculated the
jiffies value is already available and does not need to be reread a second
time.

Splitting out the forward timer base functionality to make it executable
via both contextes - those where jiffies are already known and those, where
jiffies need to be read.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Anna-Maria Behnsen <anna-maria@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231201092654.34614-10-anna-maria@linutronix.de