efi_loader: function to get GUID for variable name

In multiple places we need the default GUID matching a variable name.
The patch provides a library function. For secure boot related variables
like 'PK', 'KEK', 'db' a lookup table is used. For all other variable
names EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE is returned.

Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>