fs: fat: cannot write to subdirectories

fs_fat_write() is not able to write to subdirectories.

Currently if a filepath with a leading slash is passed, the slash is
treated as part of the filename to be created in the root directory.

Strip leading (back-)slashes.

Check that the remaining filename does not contain any illegal characters
(<>:"/\|?*). This way we will throw an error when trying to write to a
subdirectory.

Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>