x86/csum: Improve performance of `csum_partial`

1) Add special case for len == 40 as that is the hottest value. The
   nets a ~8-9% latency improvement and a ~30% throughput improvement
   in the len == 40 case.

2) Use multiple accumulators in the 64-byte loop. This dramatically
   improves ILP and results in up to a 40% latency/throughput
   improvement (better for more iterations).

Results from benchmarking on Icelake. Times measured with rdtsc()
 len   lat_new   lat_old      r    tput_new  tput_old      r
   8      3.58      3.47  1.032        3.58      3.51  1.021
  16      4.14      4.02  1.028        3.96      3.78  1.046
  24      4.99      5.03  0.992        4.23      4.03  1.050
  32      5.09      5.08  1.001        4.68      4.47  1.048
  40      5.57      6.08  0.916        3.05      4.43  0.690
  48      6.65      6.63  1.003        4.97      4.69  1.059
  56      7.74      7.72  1.003        5.22      4.95  1.055
  64      6.65      7.22  0.921        6.38      6.42  0.994
  96      9.43      9.96  0.946        7.46      7.54  0.990
 128      9.39     12.15  0.773        8.90      8.79  1.012
 200     12.65     18.08  0.699       11.63     11.60  1.002
 272     15.82     23.37  0.677       14.43     14.35  1.005
 440     24.12     36.43  0.662       21.57     22.69  0.951
 952     46.20     74.01  0.624       42.98     53.12  0.809
1024     47.12     78.24  0.602       46.36     58.83  0.788
1552     72.01    117.30  0.614       71.92     96.78  0.743
2048     93.07    153.25  0.607       93.28    137.20  0.680
2600    114.73    194.30  0.590      114.28    179.32  0.637
3608    156.34    268.41  0.582      154.97    254.02  0.610
4096    175.01    304.03  0.576      175.89    292.08  0.602

There is no such thing as a free lunch, however, and the special case
for len == 40 does add overhead to the len != 40 cases. This seems to
amount to be ~5% throughput and slightly less in terms of latency.

Testing:
Part of this change is a new kunit test. The tests check all
alignment X length pairs in [0, 64) X [0, 512).
There are three cases.
    1) Precomputed random inputs/seed. The expected results where
       generated use the generic implementation (which is assumed to be
       non-buggy).
    2) An input of all 1s. The goal of this test is to catch any case
       a carry is missing.
    3) An input that never carries. The goal of this test si to catch
       any case of incorrectly carrying.

More exhaustive tests that test all alignment X length pairs in
[0, 8192) X [0, 8192] on random data are also available here:
https://github.com/goldsteinn/csum-reproduction

The reposity also has the code for reproducing the above benchmark
numbers.

Signed-off-by: Noah Goldstein <goldstein.w.n@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230511011002.935690-1-goldstein.w.n%40gmail.com