clk: fix CLK_SET_RATE_GATE with clock rate protection

CLK_SET_RATE_GATE should prevent any operation which may result in a rate
change or glitch while the clock is prepared/enabled.

IOW, the following sequence is not allowed anymore with CLK_SET_RATE_GATE:
* clk_get()
* clk_prepare_enable()
* clk_get_rate()
* clk_set_rate()

At the moment this is enforced on the leaf clock of the operation, not
along the tree. This problematic because, if a PLL has the CLK_RATE_GATE,
it won't be enforced if the clk_set_rate() is called on its child clocks.

Using clock rate protection, we can now enforce CLK_SET_RATE_GATE along the
clock tree

Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Quentin Schulz <quentin.schulz@free-electrons.com>
Tested-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime.ripard@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Jerome Brunet <jbrunet@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Turquette <mturquette@baylibre.com>
Link: lkml.kernel.org/r/20180619134051.16726-3-jbrunet@baylibre.com