drivers/base: Introduce kill_device()

The libnvdimm subsystem arranges for devices to be destroyed as a result
of a sysfs operation. Since device_unregister() cannot be called from
an actively running sysfs attribute of the same device libnvdimm
arranges for device_unregister() to be performed in an out-of-line async
context.

The driver core maintains a 'dead' state for coordinating its own racing
async registration / de-registration requests. Rather than add local
'dead' state tracking infrastructure to libnvdimm device objects, export
the existing state tracking via a new kill_device() helper.

The kill_device() helper simply marks the device as dead, i.e. that it
is on its way to device_del(), or returns that the device was already
dead. This can be used in advance of calling device_unregister() for
subsystems like libnvdimm that might need to handle multiple user
threads racing to delete a device.

This refactoring does not change any behavior, but it is a pre-requisite
for follow-on fixes and therefore marked for -stable.

Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
Fixes: 4d88a97a

 ("libnvdimm, nvdimm: dimm driver and base libnvdimm device-driver...")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Tested-by: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/156341207332.292348.14959761496009347574.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>