test: serial: Add test for putc/puts

This adds a test to ensure that puts is equivalent to putc called in a
loop. We don't verify the contents of the message to avoid having to
record console output a second time (though that could be added in the
future). The globals are initialized to non-zero values to avoid a
warning; in particular, the character count is off-by-one (but we always
make relative measurements).

Signed-off-by: Sean Anderson <sean.anderson@seco.com>
Reviewed-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>