efi_loader: Add helper functions for EFI

A following patch introduces a different logic for loading initrd's
based on the EFI_LOAD_FILE2_PROTOCOL.
Since similar logic can be applied in the future for other system files
(i.e DTBs), let's add some helper functions which will retrieve and
parse file paths stored in EFI variables.

Signed-off-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>