linux: Revert the use of sched_getaffinity on get_nproc (BZ #28310)

The use of sched_getaffinity on get_nproc and
sysconf (_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) done in 903bc7dc (BZ #27645)
breaks the top command in common hypervisor configurations and also
other monitoring tools.

The main issue using sched_getaffinity changed the symbols semantic
from system-wide scope of online CPUs to per-process one (which can
be changed with kernel cpusets or book parameters in VM).

This patch reverts mostly of the 903bc7dc, with the
exceptions:

  * No more cached values and atomic updates, since they are inherent
    racy.

  * No /proc/cpuinfo fallback, since /proc/stat is already used and
    it would require to revert more arch-specific code.

  * The alloca is replace with a static buffer of 1024 bytes.

So the implementation first consult the sysfs, and fallbacks to procfs.

Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu.

Reviewed-by: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
(cherry picked from commit 34229827)