missing_syscall: when adding syscall replacements, use different names (#8229)

In meson.build we check that functions are available using:
    meson.get_compiler('c').has_function('foo')
which checks the following:
- if __stub_foo or __stub___foo are defined, return false
- if foo is declared (a pointer to the function can be taken), return true
- otherwise check for __builtin_memfd_create

_stub is documented by glibc as
   It defines a symbol '__stub_FUNCTION' for each function
   in the C library which is a stub, meaning it will fail
   every time called, usually setting errno to ENOSYS.

So if __stub is defined, we know we don't want to use the glibc version, but
this doesn't tell us if the name itself is defined or not. If it _is_ defined,
and we define our replacement as an inline static function, we get an error:

In file included from ../src/basic/missing.h:1358:0,
                 from ../src/basic/util.h:47,
                 from ../src/basic/calendarspec.h:29,
                 from ../src/basic/calendarspec.c:34:
../src/basic/missing_syscall.h:65:19: error: static declaration of 'memfd_create' follows non-static declaration
 static inline int memfd_create(const char *name, unsigned int flags) {
                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~
.../usr/include/bits/mman-shared.h:46:5: note: previous declaration of 'memfd_create' was here
 int memfd_create (const char *__name, unsigned int __flags) __THROW;
     ^~~~~~~~~~~~

To avoid this problem, call our inline functions different than glibc,
and use a #define to map the official name to our replacement.

Fixes #8099.

v2:
- use "missing_" as the prefix instead of "_"

v3:
- rebase and update for statx()

  Unfortunately "statx" is also present in "struct statx", so the define
  causes issues. Work around this by using a typedef.

I checked that systemd compiles with current glibc
(glibc-devel-2.26-24.fc27.x86_64) if HAVE_MEMFD_CREATE, HAVE_GETTID,
HAVE_PIVOT_ROOT, HAVE_SETNS, HAVE_RENAMEAT2, HAVE_KCMP, HAVE_KEYCTL,
HAVE_COPY_FILE_RANGE, HAVE_BPF, HAVE_STATX are forced to 0.

Setting HAVE_NAME_TO_HANDLE_AT to 0 causes an issue, but it's not because of
the define, but because of struct file_handle.