fs-verity: add the hook for file ->setattr()

Add a function fsverity_prepare_setattr() which filesystems that support
fs-verity must call to deny truncates of verity files.

Reviewed-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>