thermal/core: Protect thermal device operations against thermal device removal

Thermal device operations may be called after thermal zone device removal.
After thermal zone device removal, thermal zone device operations must
no longer be called. To prevent such calls from happening, ensure that
the thermal device is registered before executing any thermal device
operations.

Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>