crypto: api - allow algs only in specific constructions in FIPS mode

Currently we do not distinguish between algorithms that fail on
the self-test vs. those which are disabled in FIPS mode (not allowed).
Both are marked as having failed the self-test.

Recently the need arose to allow the usage of certain algorithms only
as arguments to specific template instantiations in FIPS mode. For
example, standalone "dh" must be blocked, but e.g. "ffdhe2048(dh)" is
allowed. Other potential use cases include "cbcmac(aes)", which must
only be used with ccm(), or "ghash", which must be used only for
gcm().

This patch allows this scenario by adding a new flag FIPS_INTERNAL to
indicate those algorithms that are not FIPS-allowed. They can then be
used as template arguments only, i.e. when looked up via
crypto_grab_spawn() to be more specific. The FIPS_INTERNAL bit gets
propagated upwards recursively into the surrounding template
instances, until the construction eventually matches an explicit
testmgr entry with ->fips_allowed being set, if any.

The behaviour to skip !->fips_allowed self-test executions in FIPS
mode will be retained. Note that this effectively means that
FIPS_INTERNAL algorithms are handled very similarly to the INTERNAL
ones in this regard. It is expected that the FIPS_INTERNAL algorithms
will receive sufficient testing when the larger constructions they're
a part of, if any, get exercised by testmgr.

Note that as a side-effect of this patch algorithms which are not
FIPS-allowed will now return ENOENT instead of ELIBBAD. Hopefully
this is not an issue as some people were relying on this already.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/YeEVSaMEVJb3cQkq@gondor.apana.org.au


Originally-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>