nilfs2: fix WARNING in mark_buffer_dirty due to discarded buffer reuse

A syzbot stress test using a corrupted disk image reported that
mark_buffer_dirty() called from __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty() or
nilfs_palloc_commit_alloc_entry() may output a kernel warning, and can
panic if the kernel is booted with panic_on_warn.

This is because nilfs2 keeps buffer pointers in local structures for some
metadata and reuses them, but such buffers may be forcibly discarded by
nilfs_clear_dirty_page() in some critical situations.

This issue is reported to appear after commit 28a65b49 ("nilfs2: do
not write dirty data after degenerating to read-only"), but the issue has
potentially existed before.

Fix this issue by checking the uptodate flag when attempting to reuse an
internally held buffer, and reloading the metadata instead of reusing the
buffer if the flag was lost.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230818131804.7758-1-konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com>
Reported-by:  <syzbot+cdfcae656bac88ba0e2d@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Closes: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/0000000000003da75f05fdeffd12@google.com


Fixes: 8c26c4e2 ("nilfs2: fix issue with flush kernel thread after remount in RO mode because of driver's internal error or metadata corruption")
Tested-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.10+
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>