counter: Add STM32 Timer quadrature encoder

Implement counter part of the STM32 timer hardware block by using
counter API. Hardware only supports X2 and X4 quadrature modes. A
ceiling value can be set to define the maximum value reachable by the
counter.

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Gaignard <benjamin.gaignard@st.com>
Co-authored-by: Fabrice Gasnier <fabrice.gasnier@st.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: William Breathitt Gray <vilhelm.gray@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>