libbpf: Refactor parse_usdt_arg() to re-use code

The parse_usdt_arg() function is defined differently for each
architecture but the last part of the function is repeated
verbatim for each architecture.

Refactor parse_usdt_arg() to fill the arg_sz and then do the repeated
post-processing in parse_usdt_spec().

Signed-off-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay12@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230307120440.25941-2-puranjay12@gmail.com